The Wescor 5500 vapor pressure osmometer requires a sample volume of only 2 to 10 microlitres (10 microlitres for routine operation). Process time: 58 seconds. Range: 0-1999mmol/kg. Because the indication is based on the measurement of vapor pressure of the specimen, the method has many advantages over the freezing point depression method. Vapor pressure and freezing point are among the colligative properties of a solution. Compared with pure solvent, these properties are altered in proportion to the number of solute particles dissolved in each kilogram of solvent (water in the case of biological solutions). Thus, a measurement of either property affords an indirect means of determining solution concentration, or osmolality. The merits of the vapor pressure method stem from the fact that it does not require an alteration in the physical state of the specimen. Other advantages include: a) routine operation on microsamples of any biological solution, including whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, and sweat, as well as complex specimens such as tissue samples. b) Avoidance of measurement artifacts that arise in freezing point depression measurements due to elevated viscosity, particulate matter, inhomogeneities or other physical characteristics of the sample. c) Superior reliability because the measurement is accomplished largely by electronic rather than mechanical means.
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